Clinical Assistant Professor Theresa Granger, PhD, MN, ARNP, FNP, NP-C, shares best practices that can help you and your family protect yourself this year’s flu season.

Flu defined

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the most common time for influenza (flu) detection is October through March. Peak activity typically occurs December through February although peak season can extend into May.

Of the four types of flu virus (A, B, C, and D), Influenza A and B are the primary concerns. Annual flu vaccines are designed to protect against the common A strains (H1N1, H3N2). Protection against B strains depends on the vaccine manufacturer. Flu viruses constantly undergo genetic changes. A previously vaccinated immune system may not recognize these changes. For this reason, the flu vaccine must be reviewed and updated each year to be effective.

How is it spread

The flu virus is spread via respiratory droplets (infected particle mists that are created when people with the flu cough, sneeze or talk). The droplets land on the mouth, nose, or are inhaled into the lungs of people who are within the range of this droplet spread, which can be up to 6 feet.

What are the symptoms

Symptoms generally start within one to four days. Signs and symptoms of the flu include some or all of the following symptoms: fever, chills, cough, sore throat, runny nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue, and possibly nausea and vomiting. Complications of the flu include: bacterial pneumonia, ear and sinus infections, and worsening of chronic medical conditions (congestive heart failure, asthma or diabetes, for example).

Protecting yourself and others

1. Keep your immune system strong: Eat healthy, sleep, exercise and manage your stress levels. All of these things have an effect on your immune system.
2. Annual flu vaccinations for yourself and your family: The is one of the most important steps in preventing the flu. While there are prescription antiviral drugs that can be used to treat flu symptoms, these medications are considered a second line of defense.
3. Know when to see your care provider: Most people who contract the flu have mild symptoms. However, it is important to know when to seek medical attention. Children younger than 5, adults greater than 65, pregnant women, residents of long term care facilities, and those with chronic medical problems are at high risk for developing flu related complications.
4. Avoid contact with others: Stay home if you are sick. Avoid contact with children, elderly individuals, those with chronic illnesses and weakened immune systems. Do not share eating utensils, linens and dishes.
5. Wash your hands and frequently touched surfaces: Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds (or use an alcohol-based hand rub). Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces at home, work or school.

The above information was condensed from the CDC. For more detailed information, consult the CDC influenza website.